Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda

James Higenyi; John David Kabasa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12

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Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda

James Higenyi, John David Kabasa

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 10 February 2014 Published: 20 March 2014

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Abstract

The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivity, limited land demand, low economic values, minimal cultural/ religious taboos, and manure which complements crop-livestock subsystems. As a result, the sector has evolved with emergence of innovative hatchery technologies. Hatchability and chick quality problems are emerging concerns in hatcheries under village production system. Microbial infection critically influences hatchability and quality of chicks in hatcheries. The objective of this study was to determine microbial contaminations in hatching eggs and predict the effect on hatchability in Butaleja district of Uganda. Experimental and descriptive survey tools were employed. Results reveal that, important microbial contaminants in hatching eggs included Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aerogenous, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal microbes. Prevalence evaluation of the microbes showed the following; Escherichia coli (19%), fungi (3%), Proteus (2%), Pseudomonas aerogenous (9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) on outer shell surface and Pseudomonas aerogenous (4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%) inside the egg. The key risk factors identified were associated with location of the farm, breed type, poor farm hygiene, prolonged egg storage days, lack of laying nests and predominance of free-range system. It is important to implement farmers’ education campaigns to disseminate knowledge and skills on modern poultry production and management practices together with improvement of local breed to adopt the new innovation.

Published in	Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12
Page(s)	22-30
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Poultry Production, Hatching Eggs, Microbial Contamination, Farmer Education

References

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APA Style

James Higenyi, John David Kabasa. (2014). Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2(2), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12

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ACS Style

James Higenyi; John David Kabasa. Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2014, 2(2), 22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12

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AMA Style

James Higenyi, John David Kabasa. Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda. Anim Vet Sci. 2014;2(2):22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12,
  author = {James Higenyi and John David Kabasa},
  title = {Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20140202.12},
  abstract = {The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivity, limited land demand, low economic values, minimal cultural/ religious taboos, and manure which complements crop-livestock subsystems. As a result, the sector has evolved with emergence of innovative hatchery technologies. Hatchability and chick quality problems are emerging concerns in hatcheries under village production system. Microbial infection critically influences hatchability and quality of chicks in hatcheries. The objective of this study was to determine microbial contaminations in hatching eggs and predict the effect on hatchability in Butaleja district of Uganda. Experimental and descriptive survey tools were employed. Results reveal that, important microbial contaminants in hatching eggs included Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aerogenous, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal microbes. Prevalence evaluation of the microbes showed the following; Escherichia coli (19%), fungi (3%), Proteus (2%), Pseudomonas aerogenous (9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) on outer shell surface and Pseudomonas aerogenous (4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%) inside the egg. The key risk factors identified were associated with location of the farm, breed type, poor farm hygiene, prolonged egg storage days, lack of laying nests and predominance of free-range system. It is important to implement farmers’ education campaigns to disseminate knowledge and skills on modern poultry production and management practices together with improvement of local breed to adopt the new innovation.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda
AU  - James Higenyi
AU  - John David Kabasa
Y1  - 2014/03/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 22
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12
AB  - The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivity, limited land demand, low economic values, minimal cultural/ religious taboos, and manure which complements crop-livestock subsystems. As a result, the sector has evolved with emergence of innovative hatchery technologies. Hatchability and chick quality problems are emerging concerns in hatcheries under village production system. Microbial infection critically influences hatchability and quality of chicks in hatcheries. The objective of this study was to determine microbial contaminations in hatching eggs and predict the effect on hatchability in Butaleja district of Uganda. Experimental and descriptive survey tools were employed. Results reveal that, important microbial contaminants in hatching eggs included Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aerogenous, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal microbes. Prevalence evaluation of the microbes showed the following; Escherichia coli (19%), fungi (3%), Proteus (2%), Pseudomonas aerogenous (9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) on outer shell surface and Pseudomonas aerogenous (4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%) inside the egg. The key risk factors identified were associated with location of the farm, breed type, poor farm hygiene, prolonged egg storage days, lack of laying nests and predominance of free-range system. It is important to implement farmers’ education campaigns to disseminate knowledge and skills on modern poultry production and management practices together with improvement of local breed to adopt the new innovation.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

James Higenyi

College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, England
John David Kabasa

Department of Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

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James Higenyi, John David Kabasa. (2014). Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2(2), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12

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ACS Style

James Higenyi; John David Kabasa. Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2014, 2(2), 22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12

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AMA Style

James Higenyi, John David Kabasa. Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda. Anim Vet Sci. 2014;2(2):22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12,
  author = {James Higenyi and John David Kabasa},
  title = {Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20140202.12},
  abstract = {The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivity, limited land demand, low economic values, minimal cultural/ religious taboos, and manure which complements crop-livestock subsystems. As a result, the sector has evolved with emergence of innovative hatchery technologies. Hatchability and chick quality problems are emerging concerns in hatcheries under village production system. Microbial infection critically influences hatchability and quality of chicks in hatcheries. The objective of this study was to determine microbial contaminations in hatching eggs and predict the effect on hatchability in Butaleja district of Uganda. Experimental and descriptive survey tools were employed. Results reveal that, important microbial contaminants in hatching eggs included Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aerogenous, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal microbes. Prevalence evaluation of the microbes showed the following; Escherichia coli (19%), fungi (3%), Proteus (2%), Pseudomonas aerogenous (9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) on outer shell surface and Pseudomonas aerogenous (4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%) inside the egg. The key risk factors identified were associated with location of the farm, breed type, poor farm hygiene, prolonged egg storage days, lack of laying nests and predominance of free-range system. It is important to implement farmers’ education campaigns to disseminate knowledge and skills on modern poultry production and management practices together with improvement of local breed to adopt the new innovation.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda
AU  - James Higenyi
AU  - John David Kabasa
Y1  - 2014/03/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 22
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140202.12
AB  - The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivity, limited land demand, low economic values, minimal cultural/ religious taboos, and manure which complements crop-livestock subsystems. As a result, the sector has evolved with emergence of innovative hatchery technologies. Hatchability and chick quality problems are emerging concerns in hatcheries under village production system. Microbial infection critically influences hatchability and quality of chicks in hatcheries. The objective of this study was to determine microbial contaminations in hatching eggs and predict the effect on hatchability in Butaleja district of Uganda. Experimental and descriptive survey tools were employed. Results reveal that, important microbial contaminants in hatching eggs included Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aerogenous, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal microbes. Prevalence evaluation of the microbes showed the following; Escherichia coli (19%), fungi (3%), Proteus (2%), Pseudomonas aerogenous (9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) on outer shell surface and Pseudomonas aerogenous (4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%) inside the egg. The key risk factors identified were associated with location of the farm, breed type, poor farm hygiene, prolonged egg storage days, lack of laying nests and predominance of free-range system. It is important to implement farmers’ education campaigns to disseminate knowledge and skills on modern poultry production and management practices together with improvement of local breed to adopt the new innovation.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download