Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe; Henry Olawale Sawyerr; Solomon Olayinka Adewoye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11

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Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe, Henry Olawale Sawyerr, Solomon Olayinka Adewoye

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 6 March 2020 Accepted: 23 March 2020 Published: 30 April 2020

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Abstract

The study was aimed at determining the possible volatile organic compounds present in groundwater from hand-dug wells within and around filling stations across Ilorin metropolis as well as to ascertain the possible sources of the contaminants and their health effects. Water samples were obtained from twenty-six (26) wells that were found within the scope of stations above the age of 15 years and functioning with underground storage tank capacities of over 33,000 L each for different petroleum products stored above the water level. Laboratory analysis to determine volatile organic compounds and their concentrations were carried out using the gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) after prior extraction of hydrocarbon from the water samples by the Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) method. The result revealed a total of fifty-three (53) VOCs across samples where nonanal, dodecane, methyl palmitate, heptanophenone, 13, hexyloxacyclotridec – 10 – en – 2 – one, cyclohexane, octyl, decahydro- 4, 4, 8, 9, 10 – pentamethyl naphthalene, (z) – 3 – heptene, were the most frequently occurring compounds, which could be traced to anthropogenic activities involving the use of paints, detergents, stain removers, leaking underground storage tanks, piped networks containing petroleum products as the possible sources of release into the environmental media. Related health impacts from exposure to these contaminants includes brain damage, cancer, tumours, anaemia, central and peripheral nervous system breakdown, liver, bones, autism, Skin, eye, and nose irritation, headache, dizziness, narcosis, and death at high levels of exposure. The study concluded that groundwater sources at close proximity to filling stations are susceptible to contamination through activities in the stations and such water resource should be treated before consumption and use to avoid negative health effects.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11
Page(s)	36-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Volatile Organic Compounds, Groundwater, Filling Stations, Ilorin Metropolis, Health Impact

References

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APA Style

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe, Henry Olawale Sawyerr, Solomon Olayinka Adewoye. (2020). Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 8(2), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11

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ACS Style

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe; Henry Olawale Sawyerr; Solomon Olayinka Adewoye. Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2020, 8(2), 36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11

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AMA Style

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe, Henry Olawale Sawyerr, Solomon Olayinka Adewoye. Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2020;8(2):36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11,
  author = {Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe and Henry Olawale Sawyerr and Solomon Olayinka Adewoye},
  title = {Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {36-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20200802.11},
  abstract = {The study was aimed at determining the possible volatile organic compounds present in groundwater from hand-dug wells within and around filling stations across Ilorin metropolis as well as to ascertain the possible sources of the contaminants and their health effects. Water samples were obtained from twenty-six (26) wells that were found within the scope of stations above the age of 15 years and functioning with underground storage tank capacities of over 33,000 L each for different petroleum products stored above the water level. Laboratory analysis to determine volatile organic compounds and their concentrations were carried out using the gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) after prior extraction of hydrocarbon from the water samples by the Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) method. The result revealed a total of fifty-three (53) VOCs across samples where nonanal, dodecane, methyl palmitate, heptanophenone, 13, hexyloxacyclotridec – 10 – en – 2 – one, cyclohexane, octyl, decahydro- 4, 4, 8, 9, 10 – pentamethyl naphthalene, (z) – 3 – heptene, were the most frequently occurring compounds, which could be traced to anthropogenic activities involving the use of paints, detergents, stain removers, leaking underground storage tanks, piped networks containing petroleum products as the possible sources of release into the environmental media. Related health impacts from exposure to these contaminants includes brain damage, cancer, tumours, anaemia, central and peripheral nervous system breakdown, liver, bones, autism, Skin, eye, and nose irritation, headache, dizziness, narcosis, and death at high levels of exposure. The study concluded that groundwater sources at close proximity to filling stations are susceptible to contamination through activities in the stations and such water resource should be treated before consumption and use to avoid negative health effects.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis
AU  - Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe
AU  - Henry Olawale Sawyerr
AU  - Solomon Olayinka Adewoye
Y1  - 2020/04/30
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 36
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11
AB  - The study was aimed at determining the possible volatile organic compounds present in groundwater from hand-dug wells within and around filling stations across Ilorin metropolis as well as to ascertain the possible sources of the contaminants and their health effects. Water samples were obtained from twenty-six (26) wells that were found within the scope of stations above the age of 15 years and functioning with underground storage tank capacities of over 33,000 L each for different petroleum products stored above the water level. Laboratory analysis to determine volatile organic compounds and their concentrations were carried out using the gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) after prior extraction of hydrocarbon from the water samples by the Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) method. The result revealed a total of fifty-three (53) VOCs across samples where nonanal, dodecane, methyl palmitate, heptanophenone, 13, hexyloxacyclotridec – 10 – en – 2 – one, cyclohexane, octyl, decahydro- 4, 4, 8, 9, 10 – pentamethyl naphthalene, (z) – 3 – heptene, were the most frequently occurring compounds, which could be traced to anthropogenic activities involving the use of paints, detergents, stain removers, leaking underground storage tanks, piped networks containing petroleum products as the possible sources of release into the environmental media. Related health impacts from exposure to these contaminants includes brain damage, cancer, tumours, anaemia, central and peripheral nervous system breakdown, liver, bones, autism, Skin, eye, and nose irritation, headache, dizziness, narcosis, and death at high levels of exposure. The study concluded that groundwater sources at close proximity to filling stations are susceptible to contamination through activities in the stations and such water resource should be treated before consumption and use to avoid negative health effects.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Allied Health and Environmental Science, College of Pure and Applied Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
Henry Olawale Sawyerr

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Allied Health and Environmental Science, College of Pure and Applied Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
Solomon Olayinka Adewoye

Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria

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Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe, Henry Olawale Sawyerr, Solomon Olayinka Adewoye. (2020). Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 8(2), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11

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ACS Style

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe; Henry Olawale Sawyerr; Solomon Olayinka Adewoye. Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2020, 8(2), 36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11

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AMA Style

Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe, Henry Olawale Sawyerr, Solomon Olayinka Adewoye. Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2020;8(2):36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11,
  author = {Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe and Henry Olawale Sawyerr and Solomon Olayinka Adewoye},
  title = {Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {36-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20200802.11},
  abstract = {The study was aimed at determining the possible volatile organic compounds present in groundwater from hand-dug wells within and around filling stations across Ilorin metropolis as well as to ascertain the possible sources of the contaminants and their health effects. Water samples were obtained from twenty-six (26) wells that were found within the scope of stations above the age of 15 years and functioning with underground storage tank capacities of over 33,000 L each for different petroleum products stored above the water level. Laboratory analysis to determine volatile organic compounds and their concentrations were carried out using the gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) after prior extraction of hydrocarbon from the water samples by the Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) method. The result revealed a total of fifty-three (53) VOCs across samples where nonanal, dodecane, methyl palmitate, heptanophenone, 13, hexyloxacyclotridec – 10 – en – 2 – one, cyclohexane, octyl, decahydro- 4, 4, 8, 9, 10 – pentamethyl naphthalene, (z) – 3 – heptene, were the most frequently occurring compounds, which could be traced to anthropogenic activities involving the use of paints, detergents, stain removers, leaking underground storage tanks, piped networks containing petroleum products as the possible sources of release into the environmental media. Related health impacts from exposure to these contaminants includes brain damage, cancer, tumours, anaemia, central and peripheral nervous system breakdown, liver, bones, autism, Skin, eye, and nose irritation, headache, dizziness, narcosis, and death at high levels of exposure. The study concluded that groundwater sources at close proximity to filling stations are susceptible to contamination through activities in the stations and such water resource should be treated before consumption and use to avoid negative health effects.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis
AU  - Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe
AU  - Henry Olawale Sawyerr
AU  - Solomon Olayinka Adewoye
Y1  - 2020/04/30
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 36
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20200802.11
AB  - The study was aimed at determining the possible volatile organic compounds present in groundwater from hand-dug wells within and around filling stations across Ilorin metropolis as well as to ascertain the possible sources of the contaminants and their health effects. Water samples were obtained from twenty-six (26) wells that were found within the scope of stations above the age of 15 years and functioning with underground storage tank capacities of over 33,000 L each for different petroleum products stored above the water level. Laboratory analysis to determine volatile organic compounds and their concentrations were carried out using the gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) after prior extraction of hydrocarbon from the water samples by the Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) method. The result revealed a total of fifty-three (53) VOCs across samples where nonanal, dodecane, methyl palmitate, heptanophenone, 13, hexyloxacyclotridec – 10 – en – 2 – one, cyclohexane, octyl, decahydro- 4, 4, 8, 9, 10 – pentamethyl naphthalene, (z) – 3 – heptene, were the most frequently occurring compounds, which could be traced to anthropogenic activities involving the use of paints, detergents, stain removers, leaking underground storage tanks, piped networks containing petroleum products as the possible sources of release into the environmental media. Related health impacts from exposure to these contaminants includes brain damage, cancer, tumours, anaemia, central and peripheral nervous system breakdown, liver, bones, autism, Skin, eye, and nose irritation, headache, dizziness, narcosis, and death at high levels of exposure. The study concluded that groundwater sources at close proximity to filling stations are susceptible to contamination through activities in the stations and such water resource should be treated before consumption and use to avoid negative health effects.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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