Medicinal and ornamental plants have been used for many centuries in various ayurvedic treatments and chinese medicine. Many of which have proven to possess many bioactive compounds which may treat many deadly ailments. One such medicinal and ornamental plant is the Clerodendrum inerme. The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme is well proven by many previously established works of literature. This provides a pathway to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the plant since anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity go hand in hand. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic activity of Clerodendrum inerme. The leaves were harvested, dried and extracted using methanol. The phytochemical analysis for the extract was conducted and a column chromatography was performed to separate the extract into various fractions. Cell proliferation and NO inhibition assay was performed for each fraction and a GC-MS analysis for the best fraction was performed to identify the key compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity. The crude extract showed the presence of many key phytochemical groups. The column chromatography yielded eight different fractions and the sixth fraction was found to possess the best immunomodulatory activity as it showed the most significant reduction in cellular proliferation as well as nitric oxide production. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fourteen compounds in the key fraction.
| Published in | International Journal of Immunology (Volume 8, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14 |
| Page(s) | 33-37 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Anti-inflammation, Cell Proliferation Assay, Clerodendrum Inerme, Column Chromatography, GC-MS, Immunomodulatory, NO Inhibition Assay
| [1] | Ferrero-Miliani, L., Nielsen, O. H., Andersen, P. S. and Girardin, S. E. (2007), Chronic inflammation: importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1β generation. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 147: 227-235. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03261.x |
| [2] | Wikipedia contributors. (2020, January 13). Anti-inflammatory. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:18, March 8, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-inflammatory&oldid=935652034 |
| [3] | Heroor S, Beknal AK, Mahurkar N. Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extracts of fruits and bark of Ficus glomerata Roxb. in mice and on human neutrophils. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 45: 130-5. |
| [4] | Gopal, N., & Sengottuvelu, S. (2008). Hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum inerme against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats. Fitoterapia, 79 (1), 24-26. |
| [5] | Anitha, R., & Kannan, P. (2006). Antifungal Activity of Clerodendrum inerme (L). and Clerodendrum phlomidis (L). Turkish Journal of Biology, 30 (3), 139-142. |
| [6] | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Clerodendrum inerme-A review. SMU Medical Journal, 3 (1), 129-153. |
| [7] | Harborne, A. J. (1998). Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. springer science & business media. |
| [8] | Ingalls, S. T., Kriaris, M. S., Xu, Y., DeWulf, D. W., Tserng, K. Y., & Hoppel, C. L. (1993). Method for isolation of non-esterified fatty acids and several other classes of plasma lipids by column chromatography on silica gel. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 619 (1), 9-19. |
| [9] | Eming SA, Krieg T, Davidson JM. Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2007, 127 (3): 514–525. |
| [10] | Gupta A and Chaphalkar SR. Inhibitory potential of aqueous extract of Ficus bengalensis on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of Pharma research. 2014, 3 (11): 250–253. 22. |
| [11] | Stevanin TM, Laver JR, Poole RK, Moir JWB, Read RC. Metabolism of nitric oxide by Neisseria meningitides modifies release of NO-regulated cytokines and chemokines by human macrophages. Microbes Infect. 2007, 9: 981-987. |
| [12] | Armarego, W. L. F.; Chai, C. L. L., Purification of laboratory chemicals. 5th ed.; Butterworth-Heinemann: Amsterdam; Boston; p xv, 609 p (2003). |
| [13] | Baniyash, M. (2006, February). Chronic inflammation, immunosuppression and cancer: new insights and outlook. In Seminars in cancer biology (Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 80-88). Academic Press. |
| [14] | Wikipedia contributors. (2020, January 22). Immunosuppressive drug. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:44, March 14, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immunosuppressive_drug&oldid=936979947 |
| [15] | Makinodan, T., SANTOS, G. W., & Quinn, R. P. (1970). Immunosuppressive drugs. Pharmacological reviews, 22 (2), 189-247. |
APA Style
Akash Lashmanasamy, Rachinnth Ravichandran, Kalavathy Gengiah, Sivaraj Chandrasekar, Arumugam Perumal. (2020). Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme on Human PBMC. International Journal of Immunology, 8(2), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14
ACS Style
Akash Lashmanasamy; Rachinnth Ravichandran; Kalavathy Gengiah; Sivaraj Chandrasekar; Arumugam Perumal. Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme on Human PBMC. Int. J. Immunol. 2020, 8(2), 33-37. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14
AMA Style
Akash Lashmanasamy, Rachinnth Ravichandran, Kalavathy Gengiah, Sivaraj Chandrasekar, Arumugam Perumal. Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme on Human PBMC. Int J Immunol. 2020;8(2):33-37. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14,
author = {Akash Lashmanasamy and Rachinnth Ravichandran and Kalavathy Gengiah and Sivaraj Chandrasekar and Arumugam Perumal},
title = {Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme on Human PBMC},
journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {33-37},
doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20200802.14},
abstract = {Medicinal and ornamental plants have been used for many centuries in various ayurvedic treatments and chinese medicine. Many of which have proven to possess many bioactive compounds which may treat many deadly ailments. One such medicinal and ornamental plant is the Clerodendrum inerme. The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme is well proven by many previously established works of literature. This provides a pathway to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the plant since anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity go hand in hand. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic activity of Clerodendrum inerme. The leaves were harvested, dried and extracted using methanol. The phytochemical analysis for the extract was conducted and a column chromatography was performed to separate the extract into various fractions. Cell proliferation and NO inhibition assay was performed for each fraction and a GC-MS analysis for the best fraction was performed to identify the key compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity. The crude extract showed the presence of many key phytochemical groups. The column chromatography yielded eight different fractions and the sixth fraction was found to possess the best immunomodulatory activity as it showed the most significant reduction in cellular proliferation as well as nitric oxide production. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fourteen compounds in the key fraction.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme on Human PBMC AU - Akash Lashmanasamy AU - Rachinnth Ravichandran AU - Kalavathy Gengiah AU - Sivaraj Chandrasekar AU - Arumugam Perumal Y1 - 2020/06/20 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14 DO - 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14 T2 - International Journal of Immunology JF - International Journal of Immunology JO - International Journal of Immunology SP - 33 EP - 37 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2329-1753 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.14 AB - Medicinal and ornamental plants have been used for many centuries in various ayurvedic treatments and chinese medicine. Many of which have proven to possess many bioactive compounds which may treat many deadly ailments. One such medicinal and ornamental plant is the Clerodendrum inerme. The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Clerodendrum inerme is well proven by many previously established works of literature. This provides a pathway to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the plant since anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity go hand in hand. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic activity of Clerodendrum inerme. The leaves were harvested, dried and extracted using methanol. The phytochemical analysis for the extract was conducted and a column chromatography was performed to separate the extract into various fractions. Cell proliferation and NO inhibition assay was performed for each fraction and a GC-MS analysis for the best fraction was performed to identify the key compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity. The crude extract showed the presence of many key phytochemical groups. The column chromatography yielded eight different fractions and the sixth fraction was found to possess the best immunomodulatory activity as it showed the most significant reduction in cellular proliferation as well as nitric oxide production. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fourteen compounds in the key fraction. VL - 8 IS - 2 ER -
Email: