Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i>

Lemeitaron Njenga; Kiplagat Ayabei; Teresa Akenga; Zipporah Onyambu; Jackson Kiptoo; Martin Onani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, Martin Onani

Published in American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 7 July 2023 Accepted: 22 July 2023 Published: 31 July 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.

Published in	American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
Page(s)	10-18
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticles, Copper Oxide, Warburgia ugandensis, Anti-Bacterial Activities, Green Synthesis

References

[1]	T. Li, “Facile preparation of zinc nanoparticles mediated by plant aqueous extract and assessment of the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anti-human bone carcinoma properties,” no. September 2022, pp. 1–8, 2023, doi: 10.1049/mna2.12156.
[2]	A. Kumar and D. Kumar, “Synthesis, And Applications Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles : An Overview,” vol. 07, no. 07, pp. 3890–3893, 2020.
[3]	I. Hasan and P. Singh, “Green Approach for Synthesis of Cuo Nanoparticles and their Application in Antimicrobial Activity,” pp. 175–177, 2019, doi: 10.19080/IJESNR.2019.17.555975.
[4]	S. N. Begum, A. Esakkiraja, S. M. Asan, M. Muthumari, and G. V. Raj, “Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity,” no. December, 2020.
[5]	O. Article, “Punica granatum peel extract mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles : structure and evaluation of their biological applications,” no. 0123456789, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-03185-7.
[6]	A. Ul-hamid, H. Dafalla, A. S. Hakeem, A. Haider, and M. Ikram, “In-Vitro Catalytic and Antibacterial Potential of Green Synthesized CuO Nanoparticles against Prevalent Multiple Drug Resistant Bovine Mastitogen Staphylococcus aureus,” 2022.
[7]	N. P. T-thienprasert, “Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells,” 2022.
[8]	M. Aklilu, “Khat (Catha edulis) Leaf Extract-Based Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity,” vol. 2022, 2022.
[9]	Z. Alhalili, “Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles CuO NPs from Eucalyptus Globoulus leaf extract : Adsorption and design of experiments,” Arab. J. Chem., vol. 15, no. 5, p. 103739, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103739.
[10]	S. Jayakodi, “Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles and its Application on Toxicology Evaluation,” vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 6343–6353, 2020.
[11]	S. N. Begum, A. Esakkiraja, S. M. Asan, M. Muthumari, and G. V. Raj, “Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity,” vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 21–27, 2019.
[12]	K. Gebremedhn, M. H. Kahsay, and M. Aklilu, “Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of,” vol. 7, pp. 327–342, 2019, doi: 10.17265/2328-2150/2019.06.007.
[13]	K. S. Siddiqi and A. Husen, “Current status of plant metabolite-based fabrication of copper / copper oxide nanoparticles and their applications : a review,” pp. 1–15, 2020.
[14]	A. G. Bekru, L. T. Tufa, O. A. Zelekew, M. Goddati, J. Lee, and F. K. Sabir, “Green Synthesis of a CuO − ZnO Nanocomposite for Efficient Photodegradation of Methylene Blue and Reduction of 4 ‑ Nitrophenol,” 2022, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02687.
[15]	G. Kalaiyan et al., “Green synthesis of hierarchical copper oxide microleaf bundles using Hibiscus cannabinus leaf extract for antibacterial application,” J. Mol. Struct., vol. 1217, p. 128379, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128379.
[16]	E. A. Mohamed, “Heliyon Green synthesis of copper & copper oxide nanoparticles using the extract of seedless dates,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. December 2019, p. e03123, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03123.
[17]	S. Tabrez, A. U. Khan, M. Hoque, M. Suhail, M. I. Khan, and T. A. Zughaibi, “Biosynthesis of ZnO NPs from pumpkin seeds ’ extract and elucidation of its anticancer potential against breast cancer,” pp. 2714–2725, 2022.
[18]	A. S. Shaban, “Characterization and genotoxic effects of green synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by Punica granatum peel extract and its antimicrobial activity,” 2022.
[19]	S. T. Dibaba, “Green Synthesis Method of ZnO Nanoparticles using Extracts of Zingiber of fi cinale and Garlic Bulb (Allium sativum) and Their Synergetic Effect for Antibacterial Activities,” vol. 2023, 2023.
[20]	I. L. Ikhioya, C. A. Nkele, and B. Obitte, “The The Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using the Moringa Oleifera Plant and its Subsequent Characterization for Use in Energy Storage Applications,” no. January, 2023, doi: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-1-20.
[21]	G. Kalaiyan, K. M. Prabu, N. Suresh, and S. Suresh, “Results in Chemistry Green synthesis of copper oxide spindle like nanostructure using Hibiscus cannabinus flower extract for antibacterial and anticancer activity applications,” Results Chem., vol. 5, no. February, p. 100840, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100840.
[22]	M. Ganapathy, N. Senthilkumar, M. Vimalan, and A. V Shchagin, “Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract”, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/961/1/012011.
[23]	A. Raj and R. Lawerence, “Green synthesis and charcterization of ZnO nanoparticles from leafs extracts of Rosa indica and its antibacterial activity,” vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1339–1348, 2018.
[24]	S. Nss, “Green Synthesis of CuO Nanostructures using Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC Plant Leaf Extract and Their Applications,” vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 81–94, 2021, doi: 10.22052/JNS.2021.01.010.
[25]	D. Okello and Y. Kang, “Ethnopharmacological Potentials of Warburgia ugandensis on Antimicrobial Activities,” Chin. J. Integr. Med., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 633–640, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11655-019-3042-6.
[26]	J. O. Abuto, A. Muchugi, D. Mburu, A. K. Machocho, and G. M. Karau, “Variation in Antimicrobial Activity of Warburgia ugandensis Extracts from Different Populations across the Kenyan Rift Valley,” vol. 14, no. August, pp. 165–170, 2016, doi: 10.5923/j.microbiology.20160603.02.
[27]	G. Anywar et al., “A Review of the Toxicity and Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Herbalists in Treating People Living With HIV/AIDS in Uganda,” Front. Pharmacol., vol. 12, no. April, pp. 1–10, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.615147.
[28]	T. Gonfa, A. Fisseha, and A. Thangamani, “Isolation, characterization and drug-likeness analysis of bioactive compounds from stem bark of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague,” Chem. Data Collect., vol. 29, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100535.
[29]	L. W. Muithui, “Medicinal Plant Use and Trade Among the Samburu People in Maralal Town, Kenya,” 2021, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-429123/v1.
[30]	C. Kraus, R. Abou-Ammar, A. Schubert, and M. Fischer, “Warburgia ugandensis leaf and bark extracts: An alternative to copper as fungicide against downy mildew in organic viticulture?,” Plants, vol. 10, no. 12, 2021, doi: 10.3390/plants10122765.
[31]	A. Ramesh, P. Sundarraj, and J. Balamani, “A potent cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by leaf of Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. BR.,” vol. 12, no. 5, 2019.
[32]	E. E. Imade, T. O. Ajiboye, A. E. Fadiji, D. C. Onwudiwe, and O. O. Babalola, “Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plantain peel extracts and the evaluation of their antibacterial activity,” Sci. African, vol. 16, p. e01152, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01152.
[33]	O. R. Olasehinde, O. B. Afolabi, O. V. Owolabi, A. B. Akawa, and O. B. Omiyale, “GC–MS analysis of phytochemical constituents of methanolic fraction of Annona muricata leaf and its inhibition against two key enzymes linked to type II diabetes,” Sci. African, vol. 16, p. e01178, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01178.
[34]	A. S. Abdelbaky, T. A. A. El-mageed, A. O. Babalghith, S. Selim, and A. M. H. A. Mohamed, “Green Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) Aqueous Leaf Extract and Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities,” 2022.
[35]	H. Qamar, S. Rehman, D. K. Chauhan, A. K. Tiwari, and V. Upmanyu, “Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Oxide Nanomaterial Derived from Momordica charantia,” pp. 2541–2553, 2020.
[36]	R. A. Basit et al., “Successive Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by ZnO, CuO and ZnO / CuO Synthesized from Coriandrum,” 2023.
[37]	G. S. C. Muthukumaran, K. S. S. Santhiya, R. S. Pradeep, and N. M. Kumar, “Biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles derived from Bauhinia tomentosa leaf extract,” J. Nanostructure Chem., no. 0123456789, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40097-018-0271-8.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. (2023). Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 11(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Lemeitaron Njenga; Kiplagat Ayabei; Teresa Akenga; Zipporah Onyambu; Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2023, 11(1), 10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2023;11(1):10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12,
  author = {Lemeitaron Njenga and Kiplagat Ayabei and Teresa Akenga and Zipporah Onyambu and Jackson Kiptoo and Martin Onani},
  title = {Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis},
  journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20231101.12},
  abstract = {This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis
AU - Lemeitaron Njenga
AU - Kiplagat Ayabei
AU - Teresa Akenga
AU - Zipporah Onyambu
AU - Jackson Kiptoo
AU - Martin Onani
Y1 - 2023/07/31
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
DO - 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
T2 - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JF - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JO - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
SP - 10
EP - 18
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-3738
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
AB - This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.
VL - 11
IS - 1
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Lemeitaron Njenga

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Kiplagat Ayabei

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Teresa Akenga

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Zipporah Onyambu

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Jackson Kiptoo

Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Martin Onani

Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. (2023). Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 11(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Lemeitaron Njenga; Kiplagat Ayabei; Teresa Akenga; Zipporah Onyambu; Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2023, 11(1), 10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2023;11(1):10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12,
  author = {Lemeitaron Njenga and Kiplagat Ayabei and Teresa Akenga and Zipporah Onyambu and Jackson Kiptoo and Martin Onani},
  title = {Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis},
  journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20231101.12},
  abstract = {This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download