Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia

Endale Hailu; Getaneh Woldaeb; Worku Denbel; Wubishet Alemu; Tekelay Abebe; Agengehu Mekonnen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11

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Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia

Endale Hailu, Getaneh Woldaeb, Worku Denbel, Wubishet Alemu, Tekelay Abebe, Agengehu Mekonnen

Published in Plant (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 28 February 2015 Accepted: 23 April 2015 Published: 11 May 2015

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Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of Ethiopia. Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is amongst the biotic factors which can cause up to 100% yield loss if susceptible cultivar grown and epidemic occurs. The highland of Ethiopia is considered as a hot spot for the development of stem rust diversity. This study was carried out to determine virulence diversity and race distribution of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia. Eighty (80) wheat stem rust samples were collected in 2013 cropping season from Oromia, Amhara and Tigray region. Of the samples collected, 66 were analyzed on to the 20 stem rust differential lines. A total of 9 races were identified, which includes TTKSK, TTKTF, TTKTK, JRCQC, TKTTF, TTKSC, TRTTF, SRKSC and RRKSF. Race TTKSK was dominant and widely distributed in the Oromia and Amhara regions with 52% frequency; it was not isolated in Tigray region. The most virulent and new race, TKTTF which causes localized stem rust epidemic in Bale and Arsi was predominantly distributed in Oromia region with 36.4% frequency value. Most of the genes possessed by the differentials were ineffective against one or more of the tested isolates. Only stem rust resistance gene 24 was found to confer resistance to all of the races isolated in this study. This gene could be used in combination with other genes through gene pyramiding in breeding for resistance to stem rust in Ethiopia.

Published in	Plant (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11
Page(s)	15-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Stem Rust Race, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Stem Rust Resistance Genes

References

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[2]	Admassu B. 2010. Genetic and virulence diversity of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici population in Ethiopia and stem rust resistance genes in wheat. Gottingen, Germany: Gottingen University, PHD thesis.
[3]	Badebo A. 2002. Breeding Bread Wheat with Multiple Disease resistance and high the yielding for the Ethiopian highlands: broadening Genetic basis of yellow rust and tan spot resistance. Gottingen, Germany: Gottingen University, PHD thesis.
[4]	Bekele, Verkuiji H. MWangi W. and Tanner D. 2000. Adoption of improved wheat techenologies in Adaba and Dodola woredas of the Bale high lands, Ethiopia, Mexico, D.F. CIMMYT and EARO
[5]	Bekele E.1985. A review of research on diseases of berley, tef and wheat in Ethiopia. In: Tsedeke Abate (ed.), A review of crop protection research in Ethiopia. Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), Ethiopia, pp.79-107.
[6]	CIMMYT. 2005. Sounding the alarm on global stem rust: an assessment of race Ug99 in Kenya and Ethiopia and potential for impact in neighboring countries and beyond. Mexico city. Mexico
[7]	CSA (central statistics Authority). 2013. Report on area and crop production forecast for major grain crops. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: statistical bulletin.
[8]	Hailu G., Tanner, DG. And Mengistu, H. (eds). Wheat research in Ethiopia: A Historical perspective, IARI and CIMMYT, Addis Ababa. PP.392
[9]	Jin Y, Szabo U, Pretorius ZA, Singh RP, Ward R, Fetch T, 2008. Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puceinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis. 92: 923-926
[10]	Prescott JM, Burnett PA, LeSaari EE, Ranson J, Bowman J, Milliano W de, Singh RP and Beke G. 1986. Wheat diseases and pests: a guide for field identification. CIMMYT, Mixico city. DF. Mexico.135pp
[11]	Pretorius ZA, Singh RP, Wagoire WW, Payne TS, 200, Detection of virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Uganda. Phytopathology 84, 526-533.
[12]	Peterson RF, Campbell AB, Hannah A (1948) A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Canadaian Journal Research 26: 496-500.
[13]	Roelfs AP, Martens JW, 1988. An international system of nomenclature for P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Phytopatholog. 78: 526-533.
[14]	Stakman EC, Stewart DM, Loegering WQ, 1962. Identification of physiologic races of Puccinia graminis var. tritici.’ USDA ARS, E716. United States Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, pp 5-50.
[15]	Teklay A, Woubit D. Getanh W. 2013. Physiological races and virulence diversity of Puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. Tritici eriks. & e. Henn. On wheat in Tigray region of Ethiopia. ESci J. Plant Pathol. 02 (01) 2013. 01-07
[16]	Teklay A, Getaneh W, Woubit D, 2012. Analysis of pathogen virulence of wheat stem rust and cultivar reaction to virulent races in Tigray, Ethiopia. African Journal of Plant Science Vol. 6(9): 244-250.
[17]	van Ginkel M, Getinet G, Tesfaye T (1989). Stripe, stem and leaf rust races in major wheat producing areas in Ethiopia. IAR Newslett. Agric. Res., 3: 6-8.
[18]	Yirgu D. 1967. Plant diseases of economic importance in Ethiopia. Haile Selassie I university, college of Agriculture, Experimental station bulletin no.50, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.30pp
[19]	Zegeye T. Taye G, Tanner D, Verkuijl H, Agidie A and Mwangi W. 2001. Adoption of improved bread wheat varieties and inorganic fertilizer by small-scale farmers in yelmana Densa and Farta districts of North western Ethiopia. EARO and CIMMYT. Mexico city, Mexico.

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Endale Hailu, Getaneh Woldaeb, Worku Denbel, Wubishet Alemu, Tekelay Abebe, et al. (2015). Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. Plant, 3(2), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11

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ACS Style

Endale Hailu; Getaneh Woldaeb; Worku Denbel; Wubishet Alemu; Tekelay Abebe, et al. Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. Plant. 2015, 3(2), 15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11

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AMA Style

Endale Hailu, Getaneh Woldaeb, Worku Denbel, Wubishet Alemu, Tekelay Abebe, et al. Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. Plant. 2015;3(2):15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11,
  author = {Endale Hailu and Getaneh Woldaeb and Worku Denbel and Wubishet Alemu and Tekelay Abebe and Agengehu Mekonnen},
  title = {Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20150302.11},
  abstract = {Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of Ethiopia. Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is amongst the biotic factors which can cause up to 100% yield loss if susceptible cultivar grown and epidemic occurs. The highland of Ethiopia is considered as a hot spot for the development of stem rust diversity. This study was carried out to determine virulence diversity and race distribution of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia. Eighty (80) wheat stem rust samples were collected in 2013 cropping season from Oromia, Amhara and Tigray region. Of the samples collected, 66 were analyzed on to the 20 stem rust differential lines.  A total of 9 races were identified, which includes TTKSK, TTKTF, TTKTK, JRCQC, TKTTF, TTKSC, TRTTF, SRKSC and RRKSF. Race TTKSK was dominant and widely distributed in the Oromia and Amhara regions with 52% frequency; it was not isolated in Tigray region. The most virulent and new  race, TKTTF which causes localized stem rust epidemic in Bale and Arsi was predominantly distributed in Oromia region with 36.4% frequency value. Most of the genes possessed by the differentials were ineffective against one or more of the tested isolates. Only stem rust resistance gene 24 was found to confer resistance to all of the races isolated in this study. This gene could be used in combination with other genes through gene pyramiding in breeding for resistance to stem rust in Ethiopia.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia
AU - Endale Hailu
AU - Getaneh Woldaeb
AU - Worku Denbel
AU - Wubishet Alemu
AU - Tekelay Abebe
AU - Agengehu Mekonnen
Y1 - 2015/05/11
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11
DO - 10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11
T2 - Plant
JF - Plant
JO - Plant
SP - 15
EP - 19
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2331-0677
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11
AB - Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of Ethiopia. Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is amongst the biotic factors which can cause up to 100% yield loss if susceptible cultivar grown and epidemic occurs. The highland of Ethiopia is considered as a hot spot for the development of stem rust diversity. This study was carried out to determine virulence diversity and race distribution of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia. Eighty (80) wheat stem rust samples were collected in 2013 cropping season from Oromia, Amhara and Tigray region. Of the samples collected, 66 were analyzed on to the 20 stem rust differential lines. A total of 9 races were identified, which includes TTKSK, TTKTF, TTKTK, JRCQC, TKTTF, TTKSC, TRTTF, SRKSC and RRKSF. Race TTKSK was dominant and widely distributed in the Oromia and Amhara regions with 52% frequency; it was not isolated in Tigray region. The most virulent and new race, TKTTF which causes localized stem rust epidemic in Bale and Arsi was predominantly distributed in Oromia region with 36.4% frequency value. Most of the genes possessed by the differentials were ineffective against one or more of the tested isolates. Only stem rust resistance gene 24 was found to confer resistance to all of the races isolated in this study. This gene could be used in combination with other genes through gene pyramiding in breeding for resistance to stem rust in Ethiopia.
VL - 3
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Endale Hailu

Ambo Plant protection Research centre, Ambo, Ethiopia
Getaneh Woldaeb

Ambo Plant protection Research centre, Ambo, Ethiopia
Worku Denbel

Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centre, Asella, Ethiopia
Wubishet Alemu

Sinana Agricultural Research Centre, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
Tekelay Abebe

Alemata Agricultural Research Centre, Alamata, Ethiopia
Agengehu Mekonnen

Sirenka Agricultural Research Centre, Amhara, Ethiopia

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Endale Hailu, Getaneh Woldaeb, Worku Denbel, Wubishet Alemu, Tekelay Abebe, et al. (2015). Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. Plant, 3(2), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11

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ACS Style

Endale Hailu; Getaneh Woldaeb; Worku Denbel; Wubishet Alemu; Tekelay Abebe, et al. Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. Plant. 2015, 3(2), 15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11

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AMA Style

Endale Hailu, Getaneh Woldaeb, Worku Denbel, Wubishet Alemu, Tekelay Abebe, et al. Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. Plant. 2015;3(2):15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11,
  author = {Endale Hailu and Getaneh Woldaeb and Worku Denbel and Wubishet Alemu and Tekelay Abebe and Agengehu Mekonnen},
  title = {Distribution of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20150302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20150302.11},
  abstract = {Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of Ethiopia. Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is amongst the biotic factors which can cause up to 100% yield loss if susceptible cultivar grown and epidemic occurs. The highland of Ethiopia is considered as a hot spot for the development of stem rust diversity. This study was carried out to determine virulence diversity and race distribution of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia. Eighty (80) wheat stem rust samples were collected in 2013 cropping season from Oromia, Amhara and Tigray region. Of the samples collected, 66 were analyzed on to the 20 stem rust differential lines.  A total of 9 races were identified, which includes TTKSK, TTKTF, TTKTK, JRCQC, TKTTF, TTKSC, TRTTF, SRKSC and RRKSF. Race TTKSK was dominant and widely distributed in the Oromia and Amhara regions with 52% frequency; it was not isolated in Tigray region. The most virulent and new  race, TKTTF which causes localized stem rust epidemic in Bale and Arsi was predominantly distributed in Oromia region with 36.4% frequency value. Most of the genes possessed by the differentials were ineffective against one or more of the tested isolates. Only stem rust resistance gene 24 was found to confer resistance to all of the races isolated in this study. This gene could be used in combination with other genes through gene pyramiding in breeding for resistance to stem rust in Ethiopia.},
 year = {2015}
}

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