Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System

Abebe Beyene; Taffere Addis; Tamene Hailu; Esubalew Tesfahun; Mikiyas Wolde; Kebede Faris

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29

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Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System

Abebe Beyene, Taffere Addis, Tamene Hailu, Esubalew Tesfahun, Mikiyas Wolde, Kebede Faris

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 31 July 2015 Accepted: 5 August 2015 Published: 14 August 2015

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Abstract

In the faces of alarming urbanization and the high demand for basic sanitation, there are debts that urban sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa has been steadily improving in one hand and worsening on the other hand in the recent decades. The objective of this research was to investigate the status of urban sanitation coverage in relation to Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 2015 target and the major gaps of fecal sludge management (FSM) system. For this purpose, we conducted the sanitation coverage survey in the urban slums of Addis Ababa and we compared it with the nationwide sanitation inventory conducted by Ethiopian Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy (EMWIE) in 2014. The results revealed that only 11.4% of urban slum residents have access to improved sanitation. This sanitation coverage is by far lower than the improved sanitation coverage of the capital city (41.2%) and the national urban sanitation coverage (27%). Open defecation being a common practice in urban areas of Ethiopia accounts 8.2%, 5.8% and 8.0% for urban slums of the capital and all urban areas of the country respectively. Despite the increasing trend in urban sanitation coverage in Ethiopia, it is far from the MDG target and the majority of urban residents are living under severe health and environmental risks. The urban poor are the ones mainly excluded from the basic sanitation services. Most sanitation facilities (about 91%) in Addis Ababa are onsite sanitation that requires pit emptying nevertheless 85.4% of the residents dissatisfied with the pit emptying services. As results of the severe constraints of pit emptying and FSM services, most toilet facilities (about 50%) were full. The FSM system is totally ineffective to tackle environmental pollution and public health risks. This calls an urgent action towards the development of integrated FSM system that ensures environmental safety and targets valorization of human waste

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29
Page(s)	726-732
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fecal Sludge Management, Sanitation Status, Urban Slum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

References

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APA Style

Abebe Beyene, Taffere Addis, Tamene Hailu, Esubalew Tesfahun, Mikiyas Wolde, et al. (2015). Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(5), 726-732. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29

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ACS Style

Abebe Beyene; Taffere Addis; Tamene Hailu; Esubalew Tesfahun; Mikiyas Wolde, et al. Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(5), 726-732. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29

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AMA Style

Abebe Beyene, Taffere Addis, Tamene Hailu, Esubalew Tesfahun, Mikiyas Wolde, et al. Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(5):726-732. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29,
  author = {Abebe Beyene and Taffere Addis and Tamene Hailu and Esubalew Tesfahun and Mikiyas Wolde and Kebede Faris},
  title = {Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {726-732},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150305.29},
  abstract = {In the faces of alarming urbanization and the high demand for basic sanitation, there are debts that urban sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa has been steadily improving in one hand and worsening on the other hand in the recent decades. The objective of this research was to investigate the status of urban sanitation coverage in relation to Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 2015 target and the major gaps of fecal sludge management (FSM) system. For this purpose, we conducted the sanitation coverage survey in the urban slums of Addis Ababa and we compared it with the nationwide sanitation inventory conducted by Ethiopian Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy (EMWIE) in 2014. The results revealed that only 11.4% of urban slum residents have access to improved sanitation. This sanitation coverage is by far lower than the improved sanitation coverage of the capital city (41.2%) and the national urban sanitation coverage (27%). Open defecation being a common practice in urban areas of Ethiopia accounts 8.2%, 5.8% and 8.0% for urban slums of the capital and all urban areas of the country respectively. Despite the increasing trend in urban sanitation coverage in Ethiopia, it is far from the MDG target and the majority of urban residents are living under severe health and environmental risks. The urban poor are the ones mainly excluded from the basic sanitation services. Most sanitation facilities (about 91%) in Addis Ababa are onsite sanitation that requires pit emptying nevertheless 85.4% of the residents dissatisfied with the pit emptying services. As results of the severe constraints of pit emptying and FSM services, most toilet facilities (about 50%) were full. The FSM system is totally ineffective to tackle environmental pollution and public health risks. This calls an urgent action towards the development of integrated FSM system that ensures environmental safety and targets valorization of human waste},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System
AU  - Abebe Beyene
AU  - Taffere Addis
AU  - Tamene Hailu
AU  - Esubalew Tesfahun
AU  - Mikiyas Wolde
AU  - Kebede Faris
Y1  - 2015/08/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 726
EP  - 732
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29
AB  - In the faces of alarming urbanization and the high demand for basic sanitation, there are debts that urban sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa has been steadily improving in one hand and worsening on the other hand in the recent decades. The objective of this research was to investigate the status of urban sanitation coverage in relation to Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 2015 target and the major gaps of fecal sludge management (FSM) system. For this purpose, we conducted the sanitation coverage survey in the urban slums of Addis Ababa and we compared it with the nationwide sanitation inventory conducted by Ethiopian Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy (EMWIE) in 2014. The results revealed that only 11.4% of urban slum residents have access to improved sanitation. This sanitation coverage is by far lower than the improved sanitation coverage of the capital city (41.2%) and the national urban sanitation coverage (27%). Open defecation being a common practice in urban areas of Ethiopia accounts 8.2%, 5.8% and 8.0% for urban slums of the capital and all urban areas of the country respectively. Despite the increasing trend in urban sanitation coverage in Ethiopia, it is far from the MDG target and the majority of urban residents are living under severe health and environmental risks. The urban poor are the ones mainly excluded from the basic sanitation services. Most sanitation facilities (about 91%) in Addis Ababa are onsite sanitation that requires pit emptying nevertheless 85.4% of the residents dissatisfied with the pit emptying services. As results of the severe constraints of pit emptying and FSM services, most toilet facilities (about 50%) were full. The FSM system is totally ineffective to tackle environmental pollution and public health risks. This calls an urgent action towards the development of integrated FSM system that ensures environmental safety and targets valorization of human waste
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Abebe Beyene

Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Taffere Addis

Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Tamene Hailu

Research and Development Directorate, Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Esubalew Tesfahun

School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Mikiyas Wolde

Research and Development Directorate, Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kebede Faris

Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP), the World Bank, Ethiopia Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Abebe Beyene, Taffere Addis, Tamene Hailu, Esubalew Tesfahun, Mikiyas Wolde, et al. (2015). Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(5), 726-732. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29

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ACS Style

Abebe Beyene; Taffere Addis; Tamene Hailu; Esubalew Tesfahun; Mikiyas Wolde, et al. Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(5), 726-732. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29

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AMA Style

Abebe Beyene, Taffere Addis, Tamene Hailu, Esubalew Tesfahun, Mikiyas Wolde, et al. Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(5):726-732. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29,
  author = {Abebe Beyene and Taffere Addis and Tamene Hailu and Esubalew Tesfahun and Mikiyas Wolde and Kebede Faris},
  title = {Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {726-732},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150305.29},
  abstract = {In the faces of alarming urbanization and the high demand for basic sanitation, there are debts that urban sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa has been steadily improving in one hand and worsening on the other hand in the recent decades. The objective of this research was to investigate the status of urban sanitation coverage in relation to Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 2015 target and the major gaps of fecal sludge management (FSM) system. For this purpose, we conducted the sanitation coverage survey in the urban slums of Addis Ababa and we compared it with the nationwide sanitation inventory conducted by Ethiopian Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy (EMWIE) in 2014. The results revealed that only 11.4% of urban slum residents have access to improved sanitation. This sanitation coverage is by far lower than the improved sanitation coverage of the capital city (41.2%) and the national urban sanitation coverage (27%). Open defecation being a common practice in urban areas of Ethiopia accounts 8.2%, 5.8% and 8.0% for urban slums of the capital and all urban areas of the country respectively. Despite the increasing trend in urban sanitation coverage in Ethiopia, it is far from the MDG target and the majority of urban residents are living under severe health and environmental risks. The urban poor are the ones mainly excluded from the basic sanitation services. Most sanitation facilities (about 91%) in Addis Ababa are onsite sanitation that requires pit emptying nevertheless 85.4% of the residents dissatisfied with the pit emptying services. As results of the severe constraints of pit emptying and FSM services, most toilet facilities (about 50%) were full. The FSM system is totally ineffective to tackle environmental pollution and public health risks. This calls an urgent action towards the development of integrated FSM system that ensures environmental safety and targets valorization of human waste},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Situational Analysis of Access to Improved Sanitation in the Capital of Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting an Integrated Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) System
AU  - Abebe Beyene
AU  - Taffere Addis
AU  - Tamene Hailu
AU  - Esubalew Tesfahun
AU  - Mikiyas Wolde
AU  - Kebede Faris
Y1  - 2015/08/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 726
EP  - 732
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.29
AB  - In the faces of alarming urbanization and the high demand for basic sanitation, there are debts that urban sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa has been steadily improving in one hand and worsening on the other hand in the recent decades. The objective of this research was to investigate the status of urban sanitation coverage in relation to Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 2015 target and the major gaps of fecal sludge management (FSM) system. For this purpose, we conducted the sanitation coverage survey in the urban slums of Addis Ababa and we compared it with the nationwide sanitation inventory conducted by Ethiopian Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy (EMWIE) in 2014. The results revealed that only 11.4% of urban slum residents have access to improved sanitation. This sanitation coverage is by far lower than the improved sanitation coverage of the capital city (41.2%) and the national urban sanitation coverage (27%). Open defecation being a common practice in urban areas of Ethiopia accounts 8.2%, 5.8% and 8.0% for urban slums of the capital and all urban areas of the country respectively. Despite the increasing trend in urban sanitation coverage in Ethiopia, it is far from the MDG target and the majority of urban residents are living under severe health and environmental risks. The urban poor are the ones mainly excluded from the basic sanitation services. Most sanitation facilities (about 91%) in Addis Ababa are onsite sanitation that requires pit emptying nevertheless 85.4% of the residents dissatisfied with the pit emptying services. As results of the severe constraints of pit emptying and FSM services, most toilet facilities (about 50%) were full. The FSM system is totally ineffective to tackle environmental pollution and public health risks. This calls an urgent action towards the development of integrated FSM system that ensures environmental safety and targets valorization of human waste
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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