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Research Article
Analysis of the Effects of Temperature Changes on Wheat Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
Mohammadou Nourou,
Tchakounte Njoda,
Aboubakar Ibnou Ousman Oumar*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
214-228
Received:
12 March 2025
Accepted:
9 April 2025
Published:
25 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20251005.11
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Abstract: The effects of climate change, particularly rising global temperatures on global food production, have become a major concern. The main objective of this paper is to assess the effects of temperature changes on wheat production in sub-Saharan Africa between 1980 and 2022 using a Cointégration model based on the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) approach in a panel of 37 sub-Saharan African countries. The data used for this purpose come from the FAO database (2023) and the World Bank (WDI, 2023). The results obtained indicate that in the short and long term, temperature changes have a negative effect on wheat production in sub-Saharan Africa. This is reflected in the fact that an increase of 1°C in temperature leads to a decrease in wheat production in the region, negatively impacting soil conditions. In view of these results, sub-Saharan African countries must collectively and concertedly become aware of the negative effects of temperature changes on wheat production by improving their soil quality; multiply measures to address the multiple problems related to wheat production, especially in rural areas, by supporting agricultural sector stakeholders in developing climate change-resilient strategies.
Abstract: The effects of climate change, particularly rising global temperatures on global food production, have become a major concern. The main objective of this paper is to assess the effects of temperature changes on wheat production in sub-Saharan Africa between 1980 and 2022 using a Cointégration model based on the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag)...
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Research Article
Socio-demographic Factors Influencing Land Ownership Documents’ Possession Among Male-Headed Farming Households in Nigeria
Olumuyiwa Lekan Makinde,
Olubunmi Olanike Alawode,
Friday Abaye Igbadumhe,
Rukayat Aderike Olaoye*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
229-237
Received:
22 August 2025
Accepted:
5 September 2025
Published:
25 September 2025
Abstract: This study examines the socio-demographic factors influencing the possession of land ownership documents among male-headed farming households in Nigeria using secondary data sourced from 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS), conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Nigeria. A sample size of 2062 male-headed households with required information was retained for analysis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and pearson chi-square correlation analytical techniques. Results show that the average age of the farmers was 49 years and were majorly married ruralite who had no formal education. Tittle deed was mostly held, many possesed the right to sell and to bequeath land and were not likely to lose ownership or right in the land. Pearson chi square results shows a significant influence of male-headed households farmers’ age on title deed (p<0.05), customary certificate of occupancy (C of O) (p<0.10), survey plan (p<0.01) and rental contract (p<0.05). Being educated influenced the possession of title deed (p<0.01), survey plan (p<0.01) and rental contract (p<0.05). Marital status influenced the possession of survey plan (p<0.01). Further, sector significantly influenced the possession of certificate of occupancy, title deed, and survey plan at p<0.01 and geopolitical zones were related to all forms of land documents at p<0.01. Therefore, socio-demographic features significantly influenced the kind of land documents held by male-headed farming households in Nigeria. Farming households are thus implored to strive towards obtaining a legal land document to safeguard and promote their level of production.
Abstract: This study examines the socio-demographic factors influencing the possession of land ownership documents among male-headed farming households in Nigeria using secondary data sourced from 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS), conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Nigeria. A sample size of 2062 male-headed households wit...
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Research Article
Marketing of Paddy Rice in Ushongo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
238-245
Received:
1 August 2025
Accepted:
15 August 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: This study assessed marketing of paddy rice in Ushongo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 100 Paddy rice marketers using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, frequency, marketing margin, efficiency models, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and t-test Result of the study revealed that marketing margin varied between -5.5 and 100 with an average of 31.5%. The marketing efficiency was between 1.3 and 110.7 with a mean of 34.3. The result for market structure reveals a Gini coefficient of 0.495 for retailers, 0.567 for wholesalers and 0.515 for processors. Marketing of paddy rice in the study area was constrained by three factors namely: physical factors, financial factors and market related factors. Marketing of paddy in the study area depicts inefficient market and imperfect competition. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made; there should be provision of basic infrastructures like good roads, functional storage facilities, credit institutions to improve on the marketing efficiency of paddy rice marketing.
Abstract: This study assessed marketing of paddy rice in Ushongo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 100 Paddy rice marketers using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, frequency, marketing margin, efficiency models, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and t-test R...
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Research Article
Factors Influencing Coffee Cooperative Performance and Farmer Livelihoods in Kasese District, Uganda
Bright Kibabugha Necton*,
Edward Ssemakula,
Nkuuhe Douglas
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
246-254
Received:
16 August 2025
Accepted:
8 September 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: The study focused on factors Influencing Coffee Cooperative Performance and Farmer Livelihoods in Kasese District, Uganda. The study is guided by one objective which was to; identify the key factors affecting the performance of primary coffee cooperatives. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and primary data was collected from 200 respondents. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The study used questionnaires and interview guide to collect data. The study concludes that significant factors included; member’s participation, Sig. = 0.004, Capacity building and technical support, Sig. = 0.04, Market linkage and price volatility, Sig. = 0.000, Effective governance and leadership, Sig. = 0.014, Poor quality coffee harvested, Sig. = 0.024 and non-significant factors included; Infrastructure deficits, Sig. = 0.140, lack of Knowledge on value addition technologies, B = 0.009, Sig. = 0.831, Inaccessibility to inputs, Sig. = 0.435 and Coffee pests and disease pressure, Sig. = 0.339. The study recommends enhancing access to inputs, credit, and extension services to improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of cooperatives. Local governments and coffee-related authorities should formulate policies that directly support cooperative development. There is a need to stabilize market access and coffee prices. Establish long-term contracts with buyers to minimize price fluctuations. There is a need to promote certification schemes like organic, fairtrade to encourage coffee quality.
Abstract: The study focused on factors Influencing Coffee Cooperative Performance and Farmer Livelihoods in Kasese District, Uganda. The study is guided by one objective which was to; identify the key factors affecting the performance of primary coffee cooperatives. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and primary data was collected from 200 ...
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Research Article
The Boko Haram Insurgency and Its Effects on Crop Production in Northeast, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
255-270
Received:
22 August 2025
Accepted:
4 September 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: The study examined the impacts of Boko Haram (BH) insurgency on output of crops in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (BAY) states, Northeast, Nigeria. Time Series data from 1999-2023 was used which was sub divided into 1999-2008 (Period before Boko Haram), 2009-2017 (Period during the peak of Boko Haram) and 2020-2023 as current period. Percentage change, Instability Index and Hazell Decomposition models were used to determined changes, variability and its sources in area, production and productivity of major staple crops (Maize, Millet, Sorghum, Cowpea and Rice) in the study area. The results revealed that, millet recorded the highest decrease in area between period before BH and during the peak period of the insurgent’s activities. Decrease in yield was noticed in all the states and was higher in sorghum, millet and cowpea, so does instability in area, production and productivity of the crops during the period of the insurgency. Similarly sources of change in average of production were majorly as a result of change in mean yield and change in mean area. The findings implied that, farmers has abandoned their farm lands for fear of attacks during the BH period and that poor management practices and inaccessibility to inputs resulted in low yield of crops, The study recommends employing all measures that would in the short and long run increase yield of crops and ‘returnees’ should be giving adequate attention to go back to active farming.
Abstract: The study examined the impacts of Boko Haram (BH) insurgency on output of crops in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (BAY) states, Northeast, Nigeria. Time Series data from 1999-2023 was used which was sub divided into 1999-2008 (Period before Boko Haram), 2009-2017 (Period during the peak of Boko Haram) and 2020-2023 as current period. Percentage change, In...
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Research Article
The Kenyan Agricultural Policy Reforms and Insights from Global Agricultural-Led Economic Transformation Success Stories
Wambua Samuel Muuo*
,
Samwel Wambua Katungu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
271-281
Received:
8 September 2025
Accepted:
19 September 2025
Published:
9 October 2025
Abstract: Agriculture is the bedrock of the economy. The sector supports greatly the economy of many nations globally. Digitalization of agriculture and investment in research and development have been key in the transformation of the sector. Brazil has been able to transform the agriculture and animal husbandry sector to achieve great levels of success. The Amazonian rain forest, favourable climatic conditions, a great wealth of natural resources, availability of potential arable land for expansion, and investment in research and development have contributed to the success story of Brazil. France is another country in the world that has achieved great levels of success in the agriculture sector. Despite the growth, the sector contributes a low percentage of employment opportunities. The geographical conditions in Africa favour agriculture. The continent boasts of the longest river in the world, the largest and second deepest river in the world, and the longest fresh-water lake, Lake Tanganyika. Yet, the continent is food insecure. This presents a paradox. Kenya needs to learn from the success stories of the countries that have transformed their economies through agriculture. Good policy governance, investment in research and development, advancement in infrastructure facilities, and collaboration of the county and national government with the agricultural research institutions are crucial toward the growth of the sector. This will result in exports surpassing the imports in the country. The budget has focused on the sector by setting finances to help in the improvement of production. The change in policy framework from the pre-colonial period up to the present has played a crucial role. The regimes have experienced a change in land ownership from the Europeans to the African farmers, which has helped in the intensification of agriculture. Different policies have been developed aimed at transforming agriculture, with the agricultural sector transformation and growth strategy being the current policy document.
Abstract: Agriculture is the bedrock of the economy. The sector supports greatly the economy of many nations globally. Digitalization of agriculture and investment in research and development have been key in the transformation of the sector. Brazil has been able to transform the agriculture and animal husbandry sector to achieve great levels of success. The...
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Research Article
Households’ Willingness to Pay for the Conservation of Debre-Libanos Monastery Forests, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Evidence from a Contingent Valuation Method
Tadele Anagaw Zewdu*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
282-288
Received:
7 September 2025
Accepted:
20 September 2025
Published:
10 October 2025
Abstract: This study examined households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of the Debre-Libanos monastery forests in the North Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia, which hold ecological and cultural significance but face growing threats from human activities. Using primary data collected from 215 households, a Tobit regression model was employed to identify factors influencing the maximum WTP amount, while a seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model was used to estimate the average WTP. The Tobit model results indicate that household sex, education level, annual income, perception of conservation benefits, and participation in training positively affect the maximum WTP, whereas age and initial bid price show a negative influence. The bivariate probit estimation reveals that the average household WTP for forest conservation is 33.52 Ethiopian Birr per year, suggesting that despite income constraints, local communities place substantial value on conserving the monastery forests. These findings provide important policy insights by demonstrating that community members are willing to financially support conservation efforts, which can guide policymakers, forest managers, and conservation practitioners in designing effective forest management programs, allocating resources efficiently, and promoting community-based conservation strategies. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for awareness creation, conservation training, and income-enhancing measures to strengthen household participation and ensure long-term sustainability. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on environmental valuation in Ethiopia and underscores the role of economic approaches such as contingent valuation in supporting evidence-based forest conservation initiatives.
Abstract: This study examined households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of the Debre-Libanos monastery forests in the North Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia, which hold ecological and cultural significance but face growing threats from human activities. Using primary data collected from 215 households, a Tobit regression model was em...
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Research Article
Examining the Effect of Management Committee Diversity on Sustainable Financing in Dairy Cooperative Societies in Kenya
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
289-295
Received:
18 August 2025
Accepted:
11 September 2025
Published:
10 October 2025
Abstract: Background: The dairy sub-sector plays a pivotal role in Kenya’s economy, contributing to employment creation, food security, household incomes, and rural development. Dairy cooperatives emerge when members come together democratically and voluntarily to pool resources with the aim of meeting their socioeconomic needs. These cooperatives serve as vital platforms for the production, processing, and marketing of raw milk and its byproducts. Beyond marketing, they extend technical support to members through services such as artificial insemination, improved animal husbandry practices, and the provision of essential farm inputs, including animal feeds and fertilizer. As such, dairy cooperatives not only enhance productivity but also foster community empowerment and economic stability. Methodology: The study was grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and employed an explanatory research design to establish causal relationships. The target population consisted of 216 registered dairy cooperatives, drawn from 11 counties in Kenya. A sample size of 140 cooperatives was selected using stratified sampling to ensure representativeness across the counties. Structured questionnaires were administered to gather primary data from management committees and members. Findings: The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between management committee diversity and sustainable financing of dairy cooperatives. Diversity in age, gender, educational qualifications, and professional experience within management committees was shown to enhance decision-making and resource mobilization, thereby contributing to the long-term financial stability of cooperatives. Conclusion: The study concluded that diversity in management committees fosters financial sustainability in dairy cooperatives. Recommendations: The study recommends that dairy cooperatives in Kenya should intentionally promote diversity in their management committees by ensuring inclusive representation across demographic and professional dimensions.
Abstract: Background: The dairy sub-sector plays a pivotal role in Kenya’s economy, contributing to employment creation, food security, household incomes, and rural development. Dairy cooperatives emerge when members come together democratically and voluntarily to pool resources with the aim of meeting their socioeconomic needs. These cooperatives serve as v...
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